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what does webster universitys mission to transform students for global citizenship mean to me?

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Idea that all people have rights and responsibilities from existence a fellow member of the world

Global citizenship is the idea that one'south identity transcends geography or political borders and that responsibilities or rights are derived from membership in a broader course: "humanity". This does not mean that such a person denounces or waives their nationality or other, more local identities, simply that such identities are given "2nd place" to their membership in a global community.[one] Extended, the thought leads to questions about the state of global society in the age of globalization.[2]

In general usage, the term may accept much the same significant as "world citizen" or cosmopolitan, but information technology also has additional, specialized meanings in differing contexts. Various organizations, such as the World Service Authority, take advocated global citizenship.

Usage [edit]

Education [edit]

Global Citizenship youth work project in Wales, 2016

In instruction, the term is near often used to describe a worldview or a gear up of values toward which didactics is oriented (run into, for example, the priorities of the Global Education Offset Initiative led past the Secretarial assistant-General of the United nations).[3] The term "global society" is sometimes used to indicate a global studies gear up of learning objectives for students to set them for global citizenship (see, for example, the Global Studies Center at the University of Pittsburgh).[4]

Global citizenship teaching [edit]

Inside the educational system, the concept of global citizenship education (GCED) is beginning to supersede or overarch movements such as multicultural education, peace education, human rights didactics, Education for Sustainable Development, and international education.[5] Additionally, GCED quickly incorporates references to the same movements. The concept of global citizenship has been linked with awards offered for helping humanity.[6] Teachers are existence given the responsibility of being social change agents.[vii] Audrey Osler, director of the Centre for Citizenship and Human Rights Education, the University of Leeds, affirms that "Instruction for living together in an interdependent world is not an optional extra, just an essential foundation".[8]

With GCED gaining attention, scholars are investigating the field and developing perspectives. The following are a few of the more common perspectives:

  • Critical and transformative perspective . Citizenship is defined by being a member with rights and responsibilities. Therefore, GCED must encourage active involvement. GCED can be taught from a critical and transformative perspective, whereby students are thinking, feeling, and doing. In this approach, GCED requires students to be politically critical and personally transformative. Teachers provide social issues in a neutral and grade-appropriate way for students to sympathize, grapple with, and do something nearly.[9]
  • Worldmindedness. Graham Pike and David Selby view GCED as having 2 strands. Worldmindedness, the commencement strand, refers to understanding the world as one unified system and a responsibleness to view the interests of individual nations with the overall needs of the planet in listen. The second strand, Child-centeredness, is a pedagogical arroyo that encourages students to explore and observe on their own and addresses each learner equally an individual with inimitable beliefs, experiences, and talents.[10]
  • Holistic Understanding. The Holistic Agreement perspective was founded past Merry Merryfield, focusing on agreement the self in relation to a global community. This perspective follows a curriculum that attends to human being values and behavior, global systems, issues, history, cross-cultural understandings, and the evolution of analytical and evaluative skills.[7]

Philosophy [edit]

Global citizenship, in some contexts, may refer to a brand of ethics or political philosophy in which information technology is proposed that the cadre social, political, economic, and ecology realities of the world today should be addressed at all levels—past individuals, ceremonious club organizations, communities, and nation states—through a global lens. It refers to a wide, culturally and environmentally inclusive worldview that accepts the fundamental interconnectedness of all things. Political, geographic borders become irrelevant and solutions to today'due south challenges are seen to exist across the narrow vision of national interests. Proponents of this philosophy oftentimes point to Diogenes of Sinope (c. 412 B.C.) equally an example, given his reported proclamation that "I am a citizen of the world (κοσμοπολίτης, cosmopolites)" in response to a question nigh his place of origin.[11] A Tamil term, Yadhum oore yaavarum kelir, has the meaning of "the world is one family". The statement is non merely about peace and harmony among the societies in the earth, merely also about a truth that somehow the whole world has to alive together like a family.[12]

Psychological studies [edit]

Global pollsters and psychologists accept studied private differences in the sense of global citizenship. Beginning in 2005, the Earth Values Survey (WVS), administered across almost 100 countries, included the statement, "I meet myself equally a earth citizen". In the WVS Wave 6, conducted from 2010 to 2014, across the globe 29.5% "strongly agreed" and some other 41% "agreed" with this statement. Notwithstanding, in that location were wide national variations, equally 71% of citizens of Qatar, 21% of U.S. citizens, 16% of Chinese, and just xi% of Palestinians "strongly agreed". Interpreting these differences is difficult, all the same, as survey methods varied for different countries, and the connotations of "world citizen" differ in dissimilar languages and cultures.[xiii]

For smaller studies, several multi-item scales accept been developed, including Sam McFarland and colleagues' Identification with All Humanity scale (eastward.chiliad., "How much do you identify with (that is, feel a office of, feel love toward, accept business organisation for) ... all humans everywhere?"),[xiv] Anna Malsch and Alan Omoto's Psychological Sense of Global Community (due east.g., "I feel a sense of connection to people all over the world, even if I don't know them personally"),[15] Gerhard Reese and colleagues' Global Social Identity scale (e.grand. "I experience strongly connected to the earth community every bit a whole"),[16] and Stephen Reysen and Katzarska-Miller's global citizenship identification scale (e.grand., "I strongly identify with global citizens").[17] These measures are strongly related to one another, but they are non fully identical.[eighteen]

Studies of the psychological roots of global citizenship take found that persons high in global citizenship are also high on the personality traits of openness to experience and agreeableness from the Big V personality traits and high in empathy and caring. Oppositely, the authoritarian personality, the social dominance orientation, and psychopathy are all associated with less global homo identification. Some of these traits are influenced by heredity every bit well equally by early on experiences, which, in plow, probable influence individuals' receptiveness to global human identification.[xiv]

Research has found that those who are loftier in global man identification are less prejudiced toward many groups, care more about international human rights, worldwide inequality, global poverty and man suffering. They nourish more actively to global concerns, value the lives of all human beings more every bit, and give more in time and money to international humanitarian causes. They tend to be more politically liberal on both domestic and international issues.[14] They want their countries to do more than to alleviate global suffering.[17]

Following a social identity arroyo, Reysen and Katzarska-Miller tested a model showing the antecedents and outcomes of global citizenship identification (i.e., degree of psychological connectedness with global citizens).[17] Individuals' normative environment (the cultural surround in which one is embedded contains people, artifacts, cultural patterns that promote viewing the cocky equally a global citizen) and global sensation (perceiving oneself as aware, knowledgeable, and connected to others in the world) predict global citizenship identification. Global citizenship identification then predicts six broad categories of prosocial behaviors and values, including: intergroup empathy, valuing diversity, social justice, environmental sustainability, intergroup helping, and a felt responsibility to human activity.[19] Subsequent research has examined variables that influence the model such equally: participation in a college course with global components,[20] perception of one'south global knowledge,[21] higher professors' attitudes toward global citizenship,[ citation needed ] belief in an intentional worlds view of culture,[22] participation in a fan group that promotes the identity,[23] utilise of global citizen related words when describing one'due south values, possible self as a global citizen,[24] religiosity and religious orientation,[25] threat to one's nation,[26] interdependent self-construal prime number,[27] perception of the university environment,[28] and social media usage.[29]

In 2019, a review of all studies of the psychology of global human identification and citizenship through 2018 was published.[30]

Aspects [edit]

Geography, sovereignty, and citizenship [edit]

At the same time that globalization is reducing the importance of nation-states,[31] the idea of global citizenship may crave a redefinition of ties between civic engagement and geography. Confront-to-face town hall meetings seem increasingly supplanted past electronic "town halls" not express by infinite and time.[ commendation needed ] Absentee ballots opened the mode for expatriates to vote while living in another land; the Internet may conduct this several steps further. Another estimation given by several scholars of the changing configurations of citizenship due to globalization is the possibility that citizenship becomes a inverse establishment; even if situated within territorial boundaries that are national, if the significant of the national itself has inverse, then the meaning of being a citizen of that nation changes.[32]

Man rights [edit]

The lack of a universally recognized world body tin can put the initiative upon global citizens themselves to create rights and obligations. Rights and obligations as they arose at the formation of nation-states (e.g. the right to vote and obligation to serve in time of war) are beingness expanded. Thus, new concepts that accord sure "human rights" which arose in the 20th century are increasingly being universalized across nations and governments. This is the result of many factors, including the Universal Announcement of Man Rights by the United Nations in 1948, the aftermath of Earth War II and the Holocaust and growing sentiments towards legitimizing marginalized peoples (east.yard., pre-industrialized peoples establish in the jungles of Brazil and Borneo). Couple this with growing sensation of our impact on the environment, and there is the rising feeling that citizen rights may extend to include the right to dignity and self-conclusion. If national citizenship does non foster these new rights, then global citizenship may seem more accessible.

Global citizenship advocates may confer specific rights and obligations of human beings trapped in conflicts, those incarcerated as part of ethnic cleansing, and pre-industrialized tribes newly discovered by scientists living in the depths of dense jungle [33] [ verification needed ]

UN General Assembly [edit]

On x December 1948, the UN General Assembly Adopted Resolution 217A (III), besides known equally "The Universal Annunciation of Human being Rights".[34]

Article one states that "All human being beings are born complimentary and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should deed towards i another in a spirit of brotherhood."[35]

Article two states that "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of whatsoever kind, such every bit race, color, sex activity, language, religion, political or other opinions, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall exist made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international condition of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be contained, trust, non-cocky-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty."[36]

Article 13(ii) states that "Everyone has the right to get out any country, including his own, and to return to his country."[37]

As prove in today's mod world, events such as the Trial of Saddam Hussein take proven what British jurist A. Five. Dicey said in 1885, when he popularized the phrase "rule of law" in 1885.[38] Dicey emphasized three aspects of the rule of constabulary :[39]

  1. No one tin be punished or made to suffer except for a breach of law proved in an ordinary court.
  2. No one is above the law and everyone is equal before the law regardless of social, economic, or political status.
  3. The rule of police includes the results of judicial decisions determining the rights of individual persons.

US Declaration of Independence [edit]

The opening of the United States Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, states as follows:

Nosotros hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted amidst Men, deriving their simply powers from the consent of the governed;[twoscore]

"Global citizenship in the United States" was a term used past former U.S. President Barack Obama in 2008 in a speech in Berlin.[41]

[edit]

Globe citizen [edit]

"Earth Citizen" redirects hither. For the David Sylvian and Ryuichi Sakamoto EP, see Globe Citizen (EP).

Globe Denizen flag by Garry Davis

In general, a globe citizen is a person who places global citizenship above any nationalistic or local identities and relationships. An early expression of this value is found in Diogenes of Sinope (c. 412 B.C.; mentioned higher up), a Cynic philosopher in Ancient Greece. Of Diogenes it is said: "Asked where he came from, he answered: 'I am a citizen of the world (kosmopolitês)'".[42] This was a ground-breaking concept because the broadest ground of social identity in Greece at that time was either the private city-state or the Greeks (Hellenes) as a grouping. The Tamil poet Kaniyan Poongundran wrote in Purananuru, "To united states all towns are one, all men our kin." In later years, political philosopher Thomas Paine would declare, "my state is the world, and my religion is to practice good."[43] Today, the increment in worldwide globalization has led to the germination of a "globe citizen" social movement under a proposed world government.[44] In a not-political definition, information technology has been suggested that a world citizen may provide value to guild by using knowledge acquired across cultural contexts.[45] Many people also consider themselves world citizens, as they experience at home wherever they may go.

Albert Einstein described himself every bit a earth citizen and supported the thought throughout his life,[46] famously saying "Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind."[47] World citizenship has been promoted by distinguished people including Garry Davis, who lived for sixty years equally a citizen of no nation, only the globe. Davis founded the Globe Service Say-so in Washington, DC, which sells Globe Passports, a fantasy passport to world citizens.[48] In 1956 Hugh J. Schonfield founded the Commonwealth of World Citizens, later known past its Esperanto proper noun "Mondcivitana Respubliko", which too issued a world passport; it declined subsequently the 1980s.

The Baháʼí Organized religion promotes the concept through its founder's announcement (in the late 19th century) that "The World is but one country, and mankind its citizens."[49] As a term defined by the Baháʼí International Community in a concept newspaper shared at the 1st session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Evolution, New York, U.Southward.A. on xiv–25 June 1993.[50] "World citizenship begins with an acceptance of the oneness of the human family and the interconnectedness of the nations of 'the world, our home.' While information technology encourages a sane and legitimate patriotism, information technology also insists upon a wider loyalty, a love of humanity as a whole. It does not, however, imply abandonment of legitimate loyalties, the suppression of cultural diversity, the abolition of national autonomy, nor the imposition of uniformity. Its hallmark is 'unity in diversity.' World citizenship encompasses the principles of social and economic justice, both inside and between nations; not-adversarial determination making at all levels of guild; equality of the sexes; racial, indigenous, national and religious harmony; and the willingness to sacrifice for the mutual expert. Other facets of earth citizenship—including the promotion of human laurels and dignity, understanding, amity, co-operation, trustworthiness, pity and the desire to serve—can exist deduced from those already mentioned."[fifty]

Mundialization [edit]

Philosophically, mundialization (French, mondialisation) is seen as a response to globalization's "dehumanisation through [despatialised] planetarisation" (Teilhard de Chardin quoted in Capdepuy 2011).[51] An early apply of mondialisation was to refer to the human activity of a urban center or a local authority declaring itself a "world citizen" city, by voting a charter stating its awareness of global bug and its sense of shared responsibleness. The concept was promoted past the self-declared World Citizen Garry Davis in 1949, as a logical extension of the thought of individuals declaring themselves earth citizens, and promoted by Robert Sarrazac, a former leader of the French Resistance who created the Homo Front of Globe Citizens in 1945.

The first urban center to be officially mundialised was the small French city of Cahors (merely 20,000 in 2006), the upper-case letter city of the Département of Lot in fundamental France, on xx July 1949. Hundreds of cities mundialised themselves over a few years, near of them in France, and so it spread internationally, including to many German cities and to Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In less than a twelvemonth, x General Councils (the elected councils of the French "Départements"), and hundreds of cities in France covering 3.4 million inhabitants voted mundialisation charters. One of the goals was to elect ane delegate per million inhabitants to a People'southward World Constitutional Convention given the already then historical failure of the United nations in creating a global institution able to negotiate a final world peace. To appointment, more than 1,000 cities and towns have alleged themselves World cities, including Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Philadelphia, Toronto, Hiroshima, Tokyo, Nivelles, and Königswinter.[52]

Every bit a social movement, mundialization expresses the solidarity of populations of the globe and aims to plant institutions and supranational laws of a federative structure common to them, while respecting the diversity of cultures and peoples. The motion advocates for a new political organization governing all humanity, involving the transfer of sure parts of national sovereignty to a Federal Earth Authority, Federal World Authorities and Federal World Court. Basing its authority on the will of the people, supporters hope information technology could develop new systems to draw on the highest and all-time wisdom of all humanity, and solve major planetary problems like hunger, access to h2o, war, peace-keeping, pollution and energy. The mundialization movement includes the proclamation of specified territory – a city, town, or state, for example – as world territory, with responsibilities and rights on a world scale. Currently, the nation-state system and the United nations offering no way for the people of the globe to vote for world officials or participate in governing our globe. International treaties or agreements lack the force of law. Mundialization seeks to address this lack past presenting a way to build, one metropolis at a time, such a system of truthful World Law based upon the sovereignty of the whole.

World Anthem [edit]

Writer-politician Shashi Tharoor feels that an Earth Anthem sung by people beyond the globe can inspire planetary consciousness and global citizenship among people.[53]

Criticisms [edit]

Non all interpretations of global citizenship are positive. For instance, Bhikhu Chotalal Parekh advocates what he calls globally oriented citizenship, and states, "If global citizenship ways beingness a denizen of the globe, information technology is neither practicable nor desirable."[54] He argues that global citizenship, divers as an bodily membership of a type of worldwide government organization, is impractical and dislocated from ane'southward immediate customs.[54] He also notes that such a world state would inevitably be "remote, bureaucratic, oppressive, and culturally banal."[54] Parekh presents his alternative choice with the statement: "Since the conditions of life of our fellow human beings in distant parts of the world should be a matter of deep moral and political concern to us, our citizenship has an inescapable global dimension, and we should aim to become what I might telephone call a globally oriented citizen."[54] Parekh's concept of globally oriented citizenship consists of identifying with and strengthening ties towards ane's political regional community (whether in its current land or an improved, revised form), while recognizing and acting upon obligations towards others in the rest of the world.[54]

Michael Byers, a professor in Political Scientific discipline at the University of British Columbia, questions the assumption that in that location is ane definition of global citizenship, and unpacks aspects of potential definitions. In the introduction to his public lecture, the UBC Internalization website states, "'Global citizenship' remains undefined. What, if anything, does it really mean? Is global citizenship merely the latest buzzword?"[55] Byers notes the existence of stateless persons, whom he remarks ought to exist the primary candidates for global citizenship, yet continue to live without admission to bones freedoms and citizenship rights.[55] Byers does not oppose the concept of global citizenship, even so, he criticizes potential implications of the term depending on one's definition of it, such as ones that provide support for the "ruthlessly capitalist economic system that at present dominates the planet."[55] Byers states that global citizenship is a "powerful term"[55] because "people that invoke it do then to provoke and justify action,"[55] and encourages the attendees of his lecture to re-appropriate it in order for its pregnant to have a positive purpose, based on idealistic values.[55]

Neither criticism of global citizenship is anything new. Gouverneur Morris, a consul to the Constitutional Convention (The states), criticized "citizens of the world" while he was on the floor of the convention on ix August 1787:

As to those philosophical gentlemen, those Citizens of the Globe as they telephone call themselves, He owned he did not wish to see any of them in our public Councils. He would not trust them. The men who tin shake off their attachments to their own Country tin can never love whatsoever other. These attachments are the wholesome prejudices which uphold all Governments, Admit a Frenchman into your Senate, and he will study to increase the commerce of France: an Englishman, and he volition feel an equal bias in favor of that of England.[56]

See also [edit]

  • Alter-globalisation
  • Anti-patriotism
  • Cosmopolitanism
  • Global civics
  • Global Citizens Movement
  • Global democracy (disambiguation)
  • Global governance
  • Global justice
  • Globality
  • Netizen
  • Open borders
  • Postnationalism
  • Subsidiarity
  • Spaceship Earth
  • Call up globally, act locally
  • Transnationalism
  • World community
  • Global matrimony

References [edit]

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  50. ^ a b
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  53. ^ Indian diplomat pens canticle for earth The New Indian Express v June 2013
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  55. ^ a b c d e f Byers, Michael (2005). "The Meanings of Global Citizenship". UBC Global Citizenship Speaker Series. Archived from the original on 15 April 2011. Retrieved 28 Oct 2009{{inconsistent citations}} CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  56. ^ "Notes on the Debates in the Federal Convention". Yale University Avalon Project.

External links [edit]

  • World Citizen Foundation
  • Earth Citizen
  • UBC Defining and Modeling World Denizen
  • Oxfam: Women and citizenship in global teacher education: The Global-ITE projection

campbellrearand.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_citizenship

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